Thane-District

Palghar district information 

Introduction –

After the division of Thane district, Palghar became the 36th district of the state on 1 August 2014. Palghar district, located in the northern part of Konkan, is spread between the Sahyadri mountain range in the east and the Arabian Sea coast in the west. The geographical area of ​​the district is about 4696.99 sq. km. and according to the 2011 census, the total population of the district is 29,90,116. The location of the district is 19017’15” to 20013’45” north latitude and 72038’35” to 73030’25” east longitude. Palghar district has a total of 8 talukas namely Jawhar, Mokhada, Talasari, Vasai, Vikramgad, Palghar, Dahanu and Wada and the district headquarters is located at Palghar. The district is divided into five administrative divisions, which consist of 1008 villages and 3818 padas in 477 gram panchayats. Most of these areas are tribal dominated. The district is bounded by the Arabian Sea in the west, Gujarat state in the north, Nashik in the northeast, Thane in the southeast and Mumbai Suburban District in the south.

Tribal population is found in the rural areas of the district. In the plateau and hilly areas, the main occupation is agriculture, and collection of forest firewood, honey, lac and medicinal plants from the forest are also part of the occupation. In the coastal areas, fishing is the main occupation, and horticulture such as chiku, mango, coconut, panvel etc. is found.

Cultural Heritage –

The tribals mainly include Warli, Katkari, Malhar, Koli etc. The tribal community has preserved its cultural heritage and Warli painting and Tarpa dance are the hallmarks of their social life.

Historical Background-

Vasai, a city in Palghar district, has a history dating back to the Peshwa era and 350 years ago, the bravery of Chimaji Appa destroyed the Portuguese empire.

Similarly, activists from Palghar taluka participated in the Salt Satyagraha of 1930 during the freedom struggle. Five martyrs were martyred in the uprising on 14 August 1942 in Palghar taluka during the Chalejao movement.

The famous palace of MukneSansthan in Jawhar still bears witness to history.

Industrial Status –

Palghar district is close to Mumbai and Thane and is connected by the Western Railway. The urban areas of Palghar, Vasai and Wada in the district have industrial areas. In this, the area developed by Maharashtra Industrial Development Corporation in Tarapur, Taluka Palghar has a large number of large, medium and small scale industries. Along with this, 3 government cooperative industrial estates exist in Palghar, Vasai and Wada.

These industrial estates have textile industries, chemical factories, engineering industries and steel industries in large numbers.

Topography –

According to the topography, the district can be classified into three main divisions.

  1. a) Hilly region- Jawhar, Mokhada; Eastern part of Wada taluka
  2. a) Moderately sloping plateau region Vikramgad, Talasaritaluka
  3. c) Coastal region Vasai, Palghar, Dahanu talukas in the west

Flow structure –

The rivers of the district are west-flowing and Vaitarna is the main river. Vaitarna river originates at Trambakeshwar in the Sahyadri range and flows through Wada, Palghar talukas of the district and meets the Arabian Sea through Vasai Bay. Pinjal, Surya, Deharje and Tansa are its main tributaries.

Climate and rainfall –

The average annual rainfall of the district is 2458 mm and it rains mainly due to the southwest monsoon during the period from June to September. The climate of the district is mainly hot and humid. The average temperature of the district varies from 8 ° C to 40 ° C.

Soil Type –

There are mainly four types of soil found in the surface of the land included in the district.

  1. a) Thick – Coarse soil – This type of soil is found on the hilltops.
  2. b) Medium-sized black soil – This type of soil is found on the eastern slopes of the district.
  3. c) Black soil – This type of soil is found on the coastal areas of the Vaitarna and its tributaries.
  4. e) Coastal salt flat – This type of soil is found in the coastal

soil flat in the west of the district.

Geological structure –

Most of the land of the district is covered by basalt, an igneous rock. This is called the Deccan Plateau. The formation of basalt rock was mainly due to volcanism during the Lower Eocene to Upper Cretaceous periods. Apart from basalt rock, alluvium, coastal sand, and igneous rock are found in greater or lesser extent. Due to the specific type of accumulation of lava, the geomorphological structure of flat hilly regions and variegated mountain slopes is found.

The stratigraphic sequence in the geological structure of the district is classified into the following four parts.

Formation Period Geostructure

Alluvium Recent period (Recent) Silt, clay, sand

Coastal sand Recent period Silt, sand

Dykes Pleistocene period (Pleistocene) Dykes

Dykes —- Basic intrusion

Deccan Plateau Lower Eocene to Basalt

Upper Cretaceous

Hydrological structure –

From a hydrological perspective, the water retention capacity of basalt rocks is found in weathered, jointed, and fractured rocks. In the Deccan Plateau, the availability of groundwater depends on the rate of rock erosion, the availability of joints in the rock, and the porosity and bearing capacity of the rock. The storage and bearing capacity of groundwater mainly depends on the physical and geomorphological structure of the relevant terrain. Since the surface slope of the district is moderate to steep and due to a specific type of geomorphological structure, there is a limit to the storage capacity of groundwater and these groundwater reserves are mainly found in the plains and valleys. Groundwater reserves are found in extensive areas in the coastal region. However, if this groundwater is extracted in excess, there is a possibility of intrusion of salt water from the sea into the groundwater reserves. Also, the water reserves at depth in the coastal area are of a turbid nature. Groundwater-based irrigation is used for fruit horticulture in Dahanu, Talasari, Vasai and Palghar talukas, especially in the coastal areas.

There are a total of 23 watersheds in Palghar district. A total of 55 observation wells have been selected under the Hydrology Project for studying the stable groundwater water level and water level records are taken four times a year. The stable groundwater water level information from the observation wells is used as a basis for groundwater assessment, potential water scarcity report and future groundwater development monitoring.

There is a variety in the variation in groundwater water level according to the geomorphological structure. The average groundwater water level in the western coastal part of the district is 1.00 m. to 4.00 and the average groundwater water level in the hilly areas is 2.00 to 7.00 m.

Hot water springs –

Hot water springs are found in Vasai and Palghar talukas. It mainly includes the villages of Sativali, Haloli and Konkanere. The temperature of the spring water ranges between 300C and 700C.

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